- Applications
- Biomedical
Biomedical Applications of Electromagnetic Field Simulations
Ensuring that all new devices meet regulatory and certification requirements is a necessity.
Remcom's EM simulation tools can greatly speed the design and certification process by allowing realistic simulations of the device performance before the costly prototyping stage. Analysis options are both device-oriented, such as tuning, and bio-interaction related, including SAR. Realistic, posable human body models are available in addition to CAD-based SAM phantom.
XFdtd Bio-Pro
Calculation of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields
Bio-Pro is a specialty version of XFdtd that provides accurate predictions of the interaction of electromagnetic fields with biological tissues. Analysis options are both device-oriented, such as tuning, and bio-interaction related, including SAR. Realistic human body models are available in addition to a CAD-based SAM phantom.
Biological Thermal Sensor
XF's enhanced Thermal Sensor allows metals and other non-biological objects to be included in the temperature rise computation. The calculations are based on Penne’s Bio-Heat equation and consider the effects of conductive heat transfer between thermally connected materials, blood perfusion, metabolic processes, and general RF heating.
Other capabilities of XFdtd Bio-Pro include:
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Calculation of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) including whole body, 1 gram, and 10 gram averages.
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Birdcage Tool
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Hearing Aid Compatibility (HAC)
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MR-related Output Types (MR Transmit Efficiency and Approximate MR Image)
Additional Information
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Application Examples
Spherical Bowl and Dipole SAR Validation
This example serves as a validation exercise for the XFdtd computations of SAR and impedance and was originally performed by Ericsson Radio Systems personnel in the late 1990’s using a much earlier version of the software.
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Human in Car Exposed to Fields from Car-Mounted VHF Antenna
The exposure to a driver in a car from a car-mounted VHF radio is examined. Specifically, the SAR and electric field strength in the human are observed.
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Hip-Worn Cellular Telephone on Moving Man
The performance of a basic cellular telephone worn on the hip of a human male is studied for varying positions of the wearer.
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Publications
Animating Vital Signs in Radar Simulations: Comparing Physical Optics Against 28.5 GHz Channel Measurements
In this article, the author utilizes the PO solver available in Remcom's WaveFarer® radar simulation tool to simulate back-scatter from the chest of an animated human model and compare the predictions against 28.5 GHz measurements collected by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
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Magnetic Resonance Wire Coil Losses Estimation with Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method
This paper investigates the accuracy of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for separately estimating coil conductor and radiative loss contributions.
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Computation of Fields and SAR for MRI with FDTD Simulation
The simulation procedure allows the coil designer to get quick feedback on the performance of the device, without the time or cost of producing numerous prototypes. The further ability to simulate the structure in practical use, such as the coil around a body part, permits the designer to optimize the device under loaded conditions and ensure that the regulated limits such as SAR are within thresholds. In this article, a SAR analysis for an MRI system is presented using XFdtd.
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